氯化镧对镁合金表面疏水化处理的影响

研究了氯化镧对镁合金疏水膜耐蚀性的影响。采用中性盐雾试验和电化学试验测试了疏水膜的耐蚀性,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了疏水膜的表面形貌。结果表明:氯化镧对镁合金疏水膜有一定的改性作用,使膜层由乳突状结构转变为层片状结构,进而使膜层由疏水表面转变为超疏水表面,其接触角可达153°。另外,添加氯化镧后疏水膜的盐雾时间延长至109.0 h,耐蚀性大幅提高。     

Determination of chlorine ions in raw milk by pulsed amperometric detection in a flow injection system

Chloride ion concentration in milk was determined by pulsed amperometric detection in a flow injection system. Results showed that the Au electrode lost 3 electrons at 1.10 V and formed chloroaurate ions (AuCl₄^?) by combining with chloride ions, after which AuCl₄^? was partly reduced to Au at 0.6 V. Based on the electrochemical process, a triple waveform with detection potential of 1.15 V, detection time of 150 ms, oxidation potential of 1.4 V, oxidation time of 550 ms, reduction potential of 0 V, and reduction time of 400 ms was applied to the Au electrode for detecting chloride ion concentration in milk. The approach is rapid and automatic and features a detection limit of 0.005 g/L. The relative standard deviation obtained by 60 repetitive injections reached 1.48% at 2 g/L of NaCl. The method developed using the Au electrode without modification was used to analyze the chloride ion concentration in raw milk without preprocessing. The method showed good agreement with potentiometric titration.     

碳纳米管表面基团对Bi基催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中催化性能的影响

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、羟基碳纳米管(MWCNTs-OH)、羧基碳纳米管(MWCNTsCOOH)为催化剂载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型Bi基催化剂,在固定床反应器中评价催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中的性能。结果表明,以MWCNTs-OH为载体的Bi基催化剂催化性能最优,乙炔转化率最高52%。BET、FT-IR、XRD、XPS、EDS、TG、TEM和H_2-TPR表征表明,碳纳米管表面基团,尤其是羟基,可以提高活性组分的分散度、抑制催化剂表面积炭生成和减少Bi物种流失。     

Using shear force,sarcomere length,particle size,collagen content,and protein solubility metrics to predict consumer acceptance of aged beef tenderness

In this study, the relationship between sensory evaluation and several objective metrics of beef tenderness was tested. Objective metrics included shear force, sarcomere length, collagen content, myofibrillar, and sarcoplasmic protein solubility and particle size analysis. These results were compared to consumer panel scores of tenderness for the same aged beef striploin (longissimus lumborum muscle) samples. There was found to be a significant relationship between sarcomere length, shear force, and particle size with tenderness scores. Collagen content and protein solubilities were not associated to tenderness scores (p > 0.05). Sarcomere length contributions for explaining tenderness variation were overlapped by the contributions of shear force (collinearity). Independent models demonstrated that the lower 95% confidence interval of the fitted regression line exceeded 50% acceptance of tenderness when shear force values <42.6 N and when particle size values <198 μm. We can recommend these as thresholds for consumer acceptance of beef tenderness, although considerations of sample type, analytical methodology, and consumer demographics should be made prior to their adoption. This provision was based on the variation in tenderness scores evident between individual panelists and experimental striploins.     

A two-dimensional air streamer discharge model based on the improved Helmholtz equation at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure

In this paper, an efficient boundary condition is applied to solve the photoionization rate, and a two-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for the development and propagation of an air streamer at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure. The results show that the new boundary condition improves the calculation accuracy, but the influence of photoionization on the streamer discharge process is not obvious. The discharge current in the development of streamer discharge is defined, and the corresponding expression of the positive and negative streamer discharge current is given. The influence of the electric field exceeding the threshold value on the discharge process is preliminarily introduced. In the process of discharge, only the propagation velocity of the streamer is obviously higher than that of normal temperature and pressure, and the trend of the other parameters is basically the same as that described in the previous paper. The above results give us a deeper understanding of the discharge characteristics under low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure, which has certain significance for the development of aviation and high voltage engineering.     

Low threshold voltage,highly stable electroforming-free threshold switching characteristics in VOx films-based device

Threshold switching (TS) devices have evolved as one of the most promising elements in memory circuit due to their important significance in suppressing crosstalk current in the crisscross array structure. However, the issue of high threshold voltage (V_th) and low stability still restricts their potential applications. Herein, the vanadium oxide (VO_x) films deposited by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method are adopted as the switching layer to construct the TS devices. The TS devices with Pt/VO_x/Pt/PI structure exhibit non-polar, electroforming-free, and volatile TS characteristics with an ultralow V_th (+0.48 V/−0.48 V). Besides that, the TS devices also demonstrates high stability, without obviously performance degradations after 350 cycles of endurance measurements. Additionally, the transition mechanism is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of metal-insulator transition of VO₂ and oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the nonvolatile bipolar resistance switching behaviors can be obtained by changing oxygen pressure during the deposition process for switching films. This work demonstrates that vanadium oxide film is a good candidate as switching layer for applications in the TS devices and opens an avenue for future electronics.     

基于集员未知输入观测器的风力机桨距执行器故障诊断

风力机一般放置在恶劣的环境中,其桨距执行器极易出现故障。文中针对一类含有未知但有界干扰和噪声的风力机系统的桨距执行器故障问题,设计了集员未知输入观测器对桨距的执行器故障进行检测并分离。采用气动机理和现代辨识原理建立风力机系统模型,通过优化未知输入观测器设计对系统中的干扰解耦,基于中心对称多胞体估计不考虑故障时残差的区间包络,并将其作为残差估计的上下动态阈值,实现状态估计。在上述基础上提出了利用一组集员未知输入观测器进行故障诊断的策略。仿真结果表明,在实验过程中,文中所设计的集员未知输入观测器准确地诊断出了风力机桨距执行器的3阶和5阶线性系统在发生突变故障和缓慢时变故障的时间和位置,证明了所提故障诊断策略的有效性。     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

表面活性剂对电解锌粉形貌的影响

研究氯化铵体系电解制备超细锌粉时,三种典型的表面活性剂对槽电压,锌粉沉积状态和锌粉颗粒大小和形态的影响.结果表明,在锌离子浓度为32g/L.电解液温度为60℃时,非离子表面活性剂吐温-80可以使锌粉颗粒均匀分散,表面活性剂的加入对槽电压影响不大.     

西南稀土矿黑色风化矿泥中铅的回收

西南稀土矿黑色风化矿泥含稀土、铅、锰等，其中铅主要以PbO的形式存在。用热的盐酸溶液浸取稀土的同时，铅也转化为PbCl2进入溶液。利用氯化铅在冷、热水中溶解度相差很大的原理，冷却稀土母液即可回收铅。在试验确定的较佳的浸出条件和适当的冷却温度及时间下，铅的回收率在41%，用热水将浸渣洗涤1次，铅回收率可增加15个百分点。